Stationary States of Trapped Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates

摘要

We numerically investigate low-energy stationary states of pseudospin-1Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of Rashba-Dresselhaus-type spin-orbitcoupling. We show that for experimentally feasible parameters and strongspin-orbit coupling, the ground state is a square vortex lattice irrespectiveof the nature of the spin-dependent interactions. For weak spin-orbit coupling,the lowest-energy state may host a single vortex. Furthermore, we analyticallyderive constraints that explain why certain stationary states do not emerge asground states. Importantly, we show that the distinct stationary states can beobserved experimentally by standard time-of-flight spinindependent absorptionimaging.